Sit-Ins/Protests/Boycotts/SNCC/Freedom Riders/MLK

Eyes on the Prize ~ Ain't Scared of Your Jails
1.) John Lewis said that during the sit-ins, the students were dressed like the were going to church.
2.) To support the students protesting, black merchants would provide food to those who went to jail. and homeowners would sell properties for bail money.
3.) In Nashville, in 1960, the negro buying power was estimated at 50 million dollars a year. They used their money to create change by not spending money downtown at the grocery stores which will make the stores lose profit and put pressure on the merchants and the mayor and the town of Nashville.
4.) The people boycotting would go downtown to convince blacks not to shop by snatching their bags and telling them to stay out of town.
5.) The "SNCC" was the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee. Ella Baker gave them advice to stay independent of the adult organizations. She wanted the students to be in control.
6.) President Kennedy helped out the King's by calling the judge and telling him to let Martin Luther King Jr. out of jail. After this, black ministers were endorsing Kennedy through their polls. John Kennedy won the election.
7.) The Freedom Riders was an interracial group that rode through the south with whites in the back of the bus and blacks in the front. They would all refuse to move when ordered. They wanted to create a crisis among the racists so that the government would actually enforce federal laws.
8.) During a freedom ride to Birmingham, mobs firebombed the lead bus and blocked the exits.The second bus was attacked by a mob of clansmen.
9.) Dr. King and the First Baptist Church responded to the attacks by leading a rally in the church to support the Freedom Riders.
SNCC ~ Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee

WW2

African-American Soldiers Helped Pave The Way For Integration of US Military
1.) In 1941, the government set up all black combat units.
2.) "Double V" meant two victories.
3.) By the time the Vietnam war came around, the military was fully integrated.
4.) Being that they were the first group of black pilots they had a lot to prove.

3 Women "Red Tails" Left Out
1.) Mrs. Bethune pushed the president to resist the demands of the southern wing of the Democratic party because they wanted to maintain segregation especially in the military.
2.) Brown helped promote the image of black aviators.
3.) Eleanor Roosevelt helped with the Rosenwald fund, it helped expand the pilot-training program at Tuskegee.
4.) I think the "Red Tails" have been left out of history because they weren't something big like Martin Luther King or Malcolm X

Standing Tall on Giant Shoulders
1.) Roundtree met Mrs Bethune through the friendship that Roundtree's grandmother had with Mrs Bethune.
2.) Bethune saw military service as a way for blacks to break down walls.
3.) Mary wanted to bring black women into the first class of WAAC officers.
4.) To pay Mrs. Bethune back, Roundtree spent the rest of her life serving as General Counsel, pro bono, to the National Council of Negro Women, an organization that Mary founded.
5.) Mary had a major impact on Roundtrees life. Mrs. Bethune was like a role model to her because Rosewood grew up around her hearing stories and watching her fight for what she believes in.

The Harlem Renaissance, The Garvey Movement, and The New Negro

Marcus Garvey

1.) Marcus Garvey was influential to Malcolm X, Martin Luther King, & Nelson Mandela
2.) The U.N.I.A. was about black self determination and taught blacks to have pride in their race.
3.) The Black Star line was a shipping company that Garvey planned to use to send people back to Africa.
4.) Garvey supported the whites that wanted to send the blacks back to Africa because he wanted to help blacks leave and go to Africa



Harlem 1900-1940
1.) Harlem and Black Wall Street are similar because they were both black communities filled with people trying to make money. And the difference is that blacks in Harlem were actually making movements and starting organizations and were rising. Where in Black Wall Street they were on the rise but stopped by the riots.
2.) The Negro World was a newspaper created by Garvey. The Garvey Movement/UNIA are similar to the NAACP because their main purposes are to help black people and they were against lynchings.
"Marcus Garvey quotes: "A people without the knowledge of their past history is like a tree without roots." & "If you have no confidence in self, you are twice defeated in the race of life."
3.) The children marched with banners that said "Mother do lynchers go to heaven?" "Mr. President why not make America safe for democracy" "Thou shalt not kill" I believe the children were involved in the protest to show the whites that even as children they would stand up and protest because even the children were being beaten and attacked.
4.) Jack Johnson and Muhammad Ali were both boxers. When Jack Johnson fought white people and won it was kind of an inspiration to the blacks because of the racism and segregation that they cant really do anything about.
5.) The New York Black Yankees played from 1936-1948. The team was founded in Harlem, NY.

Race Riots: Rosewood & Black Wall Street

The Destruction of Black Wall Street 

1. The blacks in Greenwood created entrepreneurial opportunities for themselves and enjoyed many luxuries, such as plumbing and a remarkable school system, which made the whites envious.
2. I think that Greenwood was nicknamed "Little Africa" because of its population of blacks or African Americans.
3. Greenwood was probably called the "Black Wall Street" because of the way they were succeeding with businesses and finances. They had a business center that included banks, hotels, cafes, clothiers, movie theaters, and contemporary homes.
4. The National Guard along with some white deputies arrested and detained 6,000 blacks who could only be released by having a white person vouch for them. The National Gaurd did nothing to protect the innocent blacks being attacked.

Today Show | Tulsa Race Riot 

1. The interviewees remember Greenwood as a thriving business district. If you wanted to start a business that was the place to go. Everybody was making business and everybody was making money.
2. Dick Rowland was the man accused of assaulting a white woman. The lynching of Rowland was different from the ones we have previously learned about because the blacks actually tried to stop the lynching o this man and didn't just stand around and watch.
3. The interviewees say that the whites were burning the place down and shooting everyone. They were afraid. One man said it was like a nightmare.

The Rosewood Massacre 

1. I think it took so many years to "uncover" Rosewood because people were still afraid and maybe in shock. The memories are just so horrible that many who experienced it would rather not speak upon the subject.
2. Ms. Minnie Lee remembers a big fire. They burned down everything including her grandmothers house and churches.The whites killed her aunt and grandfather. He was forced to dig his own grave even though he only had one arm.
3. The massacre was caused because whites came looking for a black man named Sylvester who supposedly raped a white woman.
4. Mr. Kirklin said the mob had about 1500 people coming in from every direction. They set houses and as people ran out, they were shot.
5. John Write was one of the few white people to live in Rosewood. He was a hero to blacks in Rosewood. He opened his home to women and children who were hiding from the mob. His house was one of few to survive this massacre. He helped many blacks escape by writing a letter to the railroad telling them to send a train because Rosewood was on fire.
6. Ms. Minnie Lee never told her family because she didn't want them to know about the struggle that she had to go through and what the white people did to them.
7. The Greenwood community responded to the massacre by keeping it secret for many years. I think that it still haunts some of the people but some have moved forward,
   
   
   
   

Mrs. Ida B Wells & Lynching

Ida B. Wells-Barnett
Discrimination on the train - Ida was being forced off the train and responded by standing her ground and biting the man who made the attempt to remover her. When she got back to Memphis she filed a law suit and sued the railroad company.
Lynching of her 3 friends - In 1892 3 of Mrs. Wells friends were lynched because they had a small grocery store and it was competing with white business.The African-Americans responded by saying that they were outnumbered and without arms so the only thing to do is save money and leave.
Anti-Lynching Crusade in Chicago - Wells' helped develop many organizations in Chicago and worked for suffrage for women and marched for universal suffrage in 1913.
NAACP - Ida was the first woman to sign "the call" to form the NAACP in 1909.

Lynchings

1. Leo Frank was lynched on August 17, 1915 in Atlanta, Georgia. He was lynched for murder
2. Joseph Richardson was lynched on September 26, 1913 in Leitchfield, Kentucky. He was lynched for assaulting an 11-year-old white girl
3. Clyde Johnson was lynched on August 3, 1935 in Yreka, California. He was lynched for the murder of Oregon's chief of police.
4. Charles Mitchell was lynched on June 4, 1897 in Urbana, Ohio. He was lynched for robbery to rape.
5. Virgil Jones, Robert Jones (6), Thomas Jones (7), and Joseph Riley (8) were lynched on July 31, 1908 in Russelville, Kentucky. They were lynched for disturbing the peace, discontentment with their employers, and whites feared they were planning assassinations.

The Objectification of Black Women's Bodies

Harriet Tubman Sex Tape Response
Jamilah Lemieux' - She believes that people are not sensitive to history and that the video was highly disrespectful. She thinks that historical black figures should not be portrayed in such a way.
Russel Simmons - He agreed to take down the video and apologize after the NAACP asked him to even though he still believed that his video was politically correct.
Jeff Johnson - He says that it is our fault that the generations don't respect history like they should.We should know more history and be teaching others.Not knowing historical context is a big part of this problem.
Sarah Bartman
Sarah was taken by Europeans and brought to Europe because of her body. They were obsessed and determined to prove that blacks were inferior and oversexed. She had an unusually large buttocks and genitals. They referred to her as a freak and her nickname according to them was "Hottentot Venus". After Sarah Bartman died they made a plaster cast of her body and preserved some of her body parts and put them on display.
Racist Cake
There was much controversy because the Swedish culture minister, Lena Adelsohn Lijeroth cut a cake of a naked African woman after being invited by the Museum of Modern Art in Stockholm. Many people were angered and wanted her to resign because of this. According to the article the cake was meant to illustrate degrading stereotypes of blacks throughout the years.
Comments - "Oh man I LOOOOOOVEEE the cake!" & "Why? Probably not racist but very ill-judged and offensive to people of all colours, nationalities, etc...."
2 Chainz & Minister of Culture of Sweden
The similarity between the video and the incident is stereotypes in my opinion. I believe that they are both bad but the 2 Chainz video does not get as much negative comments as the Ministers situation because 2 Chainz is black and she is white.

Week #1 Post

Slavery : In Africa, rulers and political elites used slaves as attendants, in positions of administrative trust, as soldiers and agricultural and household workers, and as laborers in mines. Female slaves were purchased as wives, concubines, household servants, and agricultural laborers.


Mary Jane McLeod Bethune : Mrs. Bethune was born on July 10, 1875. She was an American educator and civil rights leader best known for starting a school for African-American students in Daytona Beach, Florida, that eventually became Bethune-Cookman University. She died on May 18, 1955.


Current Africa : Although Africa has abundant natural resources, it still remains the worlds poorest and undeveloped continent. From 1995 to 2005, Africas rate of economic growth increased, averaging 5% in 2005.


Timbuktu : Timbuktu is a town in the West African nation of Mali. Starting out as a seasonal settlement, Timbuktu became a permanent settlement early in the 12th century. After a shift in trading routes, Timbuktu flourished from the trade in salt, gold, ivory, and slaves.


Mansa Musa : Mansa Musa captured the attention of the Arab world when he left his home in the West African kingdom of Mali to make a pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324.